Quick Guide for Public Speaking free essay sample

Quick Gulled to Public Speaking Preparations * Audience: The goal of public speaking is to gain a response from your listeners-to get them to think, feel, or act In a certain way. To reach the listeners, find out as much as you can about them( Age, gender, racial, ethnic background, religion, education level, attitudes towards you and the subject, how much they know about the subject) Adapt your speech to meet their needs and Interests. * Topic: Choose a topic that is interesting and about which you know a lot (either now or after doing research) Narrow the topic so that you can comfortably and adequately cover it within the time allotted. Purposes and central Idea: Select a general purpose (to Inform, to persuade, etc. ), a specific purpose (a statement of exactly what you want to achieve with your audience) For example, suppose you want to inform your audience about fraud and abuse In the U. S. Governments student-aid program. You could create objectives such as these: General purpose: To Inform Specific purpose: To tell my listeners what happens when some unscrupulous schools abuse he federal student-aid program. Next ask yourself, What is my essential message?What big idea do I want to leave in the mind of my listeners? Your answer is your central idea. Here is one possibility: Central idea: By manipulating the student-aid program, some schools cheat both tax payers and students. This central idea is what you want your listeners to remember if they forget everything else. * Finding materials: Gather information by reading books, magazines, journals, Internet, Interviewing knowledgeable persons. Drawing from your own personal experiences. Look for interesting items such as examples, statistics, stories, and quotations.Consider using visual aids to help the audience understand and remember key points. * Organization: Organize the body of your speech by devising two or three main points that explain or prove the central ideas. Next step develop each main points with support materials such as examples, statistics, and quotations from experts. * Transitions: To carry your listeners smoothly from one part of the speech to another use transitions words or phrases. E. G. A) Lets begin by looking at the robber b) Now for my second reason c) Let me summarize what weve covered. F the speech. Attention getters include fascinating stories, intriguing questions, and interesting facts or statistics. Next prepare listeners for the body of the speech. Establish credibility by stating your own expertise or by citing reliable sources. * Conclusion: Summarize your key points, and then close with a clincher (such as a quotation or a story) to drive home the central idea of the speech. * Outline: Put together all parts of the speech (introduction, body, conclusion, and ruinations) in an outline.Make sure that everything in the outline serves to explain, illustrate, or prove the central idea. * Speaking notes: Prepare brief speaking notes based on your outline. These notes should be the cues you take with you to the lectern. * Practice: Rehearse your speech several times. Dont memories the speech, but strive to rehearse ideas (as cued by your brief speaking notes). Trim the speech if you are in danger of exceeding the time limit. Delivery * Self-confidence: Develop a positive attitude about yourself, your speech, and your audience.Dont let fear cripple you; nervousness is normal for most speakers. Rather than trying to banish your Jitters, use nervousness as a source of energy, it actually can help you to come across as a vital, enthusiastic speaker. * Approach and beginning: When you are called to speak, leave your seat without sighing or mumbling, walk confidently to the front of the room, spend a few moments standing in silence (this is a good time to arrange your notes and get your first sentences firmly in mind), and then look directly at the audience as you begin your beech. Eye contact: Look at all parts of the audience throughout the speech, glancing down at your notes only occasionally. Avoid staring at a wall, floor and looking out a window. * Speaking rate: Speak at a rate that makes it easy for the audience to absorb your idea -neither too slow nor too fast. * Expressiveness: Your voice should sound as animated as it does when you carry a conversation with a friend. * Clarity and volume: Pronounce your words distinctly and speak loud enough so that all listeners can clearly hear you. Avoid verbally fillers e. G. Uh, ah, um, err, okay, way. Make them naturally and gracefully, so that they add to, rather than distract from your message. You may move about during your speech, as long as your movements are purposeful and confident not random and nervous. Refrain from Jingling keys or coins, riffing note cards, or doing anything that distracts the audience. * Posture and poise: Stand up straight. Try to be comfortable, yet poised and alert. Avoid leaning on the lectern or slouching on a desk. * Use of notes: Glance at your notes occasionally to pick up the next point.Dont dead them or absentmindedly stare at them. * Enthusiasm: Dont simply go through the motions of giving a speech. Your whole manner eyes, facial expressions, posture, and voice should show enthusiasm for your subject, and you should seem genuinely interested in communicating your ideas. * Ending and departure: Say your conclusion, pause a few moments, and then ask in a tone that shows that you sincerely mean it Are there any questions? Dont give the appearance of being anxious to get back to your seat (by pocketing your notes or by taking a step towards your seat.